Entrenamiento del vibrato en cantantes
Vibrato training in singers
Marco Antonio Guzmán
Resumen
Tema: el vibrato de la voz es uno de los rasgos acústicos, técnicos y estilísticos más importantes en la caracterización de la cualidad de la voz en cantantes clásicos. Técnicamente, vibrato es una pulsación del tono, usualmente acompañada con pulsaciones sincrónicas de intensidad y timbre. El vibrato puede ser descrito acústicamente por el rate, extent y periodicidad de las modulaciones en frecuencia y modulaciones de la amplitud de la voz. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar y explicar un nuevo procedimiento para entrenar y corregir vibrato en cantantes.
Procedimientos: estudiante de canto lirico de 25 años, sexo masculino con clasificación vocal de barítono lirico, voz normal desde el punto de vista perceptual. La corrección del vibrato se realiza por medio del método "Entrenamiento rítmico del vibrato". Se produce la subdivisión rítmica de un pulso durante la emisión de una vocal con un "tempo" o velocidad constante. Posteriormente se varía la velocidad del pulso, las vocales y la melodía del ejercicio. Los parámetros acústicos del vibrato son evaluados objetivamente antes y después del entrenamiento.
Resultados: el paciente logró producir un vibrato con rate, extent y regularidad dentro de rangos normales. Esto se realizó de forma consciente y dirigida, utilizando actividad laríngea y abdominal en forma conjunta. La naturalidad del vibrato continuó mejorando después de finalizado el entrenamiento.
Conclusiones es posible el entrenamiento y/o corrección del vibrato en forma dirigida a través de ejercicios específicos destinados a ese objetivo. El apoyo visual cumple un rol importante en los resultados obtenidos.
Palabras clave
Abstract
Background: vocal vibrato is one of the most important acoustic, technical and stylistic features to characterize the voice quality in classical singers. Technically, vibrato is a pulsation of pitch, usually accompanied with synchronous pulsations with intensity and timbre. Vibrato can be described acoustically by the rate, extent and periodicity of frequency modulations and amplitude modulations of the voice.
Procedures: an opera singer student, 25-year-old, lyric baritone, with normal voice from the perceptual point of view. The correction of vibrato is carried through by using the method "Rhythmic vibrato training". One produces a rhythmic pulse subdivision or unit of time during a vowel emission with "time" or speed constant. Subsequently, there is a variation in pulse speed, vowels and melody. The acoustic parameters of vibrato are evaluated objectively before and after training.
Results: the patient succeeded to produce a vibrato with rate, extent, and regularity within the normal ranges. Vibrato production was carried through in a conscious directed way by using abdominal and laryngeal activity at the same time. The vibrato continued improving after the training had been completed.
Conclusions: it is possible to train and correct the vibrato in a targeted way through specific exercises, intended for such purpose. The visual biofeedback plays an important role on the outcome.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
31/08/2009
Aceito em:
30/03/2010
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