Emergência dos esquemas simbólicos em crianças com sÃndrome de Down, prematuras muito baixo peso e crianças com desenvolvimento tÃpico
Emergence of symbolic schemes in children with Down syndrome, very-low-birth-weight preterm, and typically developing children
Lenice de Fátima da Silva; FabÃola Custódio Flabiano; Karina Elena Bernardis Bühler; Suelly Cecilia Olivan Limongi
Resumo
Objetivo: verificar a emergência dos esquemas simbólicos simples e combinados e seus respectivos subtipos em 20 crianças prematuras muito baixo peso, 20 crianças com sÃndrome de Down e 20 crianças com desenvolvimento tÃpico.
Métodos: todos os sujeitos foram acompanhados mensalmente durante seis meses, a partir da avaliação inicial em que estavam localizados no final da quinta fase do perÃodo sensório-motor. Para tanto, foi utilizado o Protocolo para Observação do Desenvolvimento Cognitivo e da Linguagem Expressiva – versão revisada (PODCLE-r). Os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa.
Resultados: os resultados revelaram que os esquemas simbólicos simples e combinados emergiram de forma semelhante para todos os grupos, embora se tenha observado ritmo de desenvolvimento mais lento para as crianças prematuras muito baixo peso e crianças com sÃndrome de Down, quando comparadas à s crianças com desenvolvimento tÃpico. A análise qualitativa, referente à diversidade e complexidade dos esquemas simbólicos produzidos, mostrou que as crianças prematuras muito baixo peso apresentaram pior desempenho quando comparadas à s crianças com sÃndrome de Down e à s com desenvolvimento tÃpico, apresentando também dificuldades especÃficas quanto ao uso de esquemas simbólicos aplicados a objetos não-figurativos, ou seja, quanto à construção da representação por meio de significantes arbitrários.
Conclusão: estes dados reforçam a importância de se acompanhar a emergência e o desenvolvimento dos esquemas simbólicos simples e combinados nessas crianças, com o objetivo de monitorar e estimular esse desenvolvimento, com vistas a minimizar os efeitos da defasagem cognitiva e a favorecer o desenvolvimento da linguagem.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Purpose: to check the emergence of isolated and combined symbolic schemes as well as their respective subtypes in 20 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm children, 20 children with Down syndrome (DS), and 20 typically developing (TD) children.
Methods: all subjects were followed up monthly during a six-month period, starting from the initial assessment, when they were placed at the fifth phase of the sensorimotor period, using the Protocol for Expressive Language and Cognitive Development Observation – reviewed version (PELCDO-r). Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Results: results revealed that isolated and combined symbolic schemes emerged in a similar way in all groups, although DS and VLBW preterm children showed slower rhythm of development when compared to TD children. The qualitative analysis, concerning the analysis of symbolic schemes' diversity and complexity showed that VLBW preterm children showed poorer performance when compared to children with DS and TD children, also showing specific difficulties as for the use of symbolic schemes applied to non-figurative objects, that is, concerning the representation's construction by means of an arbitrary significant.
Conclusion: these data reinforce the importance of following the emergence and development of isolated and combined symbolic schemes in these children, with the objective of monitoring and stimulating their development, aiming to minimize the effects of cognitive deficits and favor language development.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
20/07/2009
Aceito em:
06/11/2009
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