Spontaneous language of preterm children aged 4 and 5 years
Linguagem espontânea de crianças prematuras aos 4 e 5 anos de idade
Juliana Félix; Maria Emília Santos; Antonio Benítez-Burraco
Abstract
Purposes: to evaluate spontaneous language development through the Mean Length of Utterance in words (MLU-w) of children with gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks. This research also aims to study if the gestational age, birth weight, gender, and parents' level of formal education can influence that measurement. Methods: nineteen premature children (9 males, 10 females), in the age range 4-5 years old, enrolled on Lisbon area kindergartens, and considered as having typical development, participated in this research. Spontaneous speech of each child was recorded for 30 minutes and transcribed afterwards. Results: mean values of MLU-w of Portuguese premature children were significantly lower than those with typical development. A positive and significant correlation between the gestational age and the birth weight with the MLU-w was also found. The gender of the children and the parents' level of formal education showed no influence on the results. Conclusion: these results reinforce the need to identify, on these children, possible deficits, in order to prevent negative impacts in school education, and stimulate their psychosocial development.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivos: avaliar a linguagem espontânea, através da Extensão Média do Enunciado em palavras (EME-p), de crianças com idade gestacional entre as 28 e as 36 semanas. Pretende-se também verificar se o número de semanas de gestação, o peso à nascença, o gênero e ainda a escolaridade dos pais influenciam essa medida. Métodos: participaram 19 crianças prematuras (9 meninos e 10 meninas), de 4 e 5 anos de idade, matriculadas em jardins-de-infância da área de Lisboa, consideradas como tendo desenvolvimento típico. O discurso espontâneo de cada criança foi gravado durante 30 minutos e posteriormente transcrito. Resultados: os valores encontrados nas crianças nascidas pré-termo eram significativamente inferiores aos de referência para a população portuguesa com a mesma idade. Verificou-se ainda uma correlação positiva e significativa do tempo de gestação e do peso à nascença com a EME-p. Não foram encontrados efeitos decorrentes do gênero das crianças ou da escolaridade dos pais. Conclusão: estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de identificar possíveis défices de linguagem nesta população, de forma a potenciar o seu desenvolvimento psicossocial e acadêmico.
Palavras-chave
References
1. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard M, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R et al. National, regional and worldwide estimates of preterm birth. The Lancet [periódico na Internet]. 2012 [acesso em 11/10/2016]; 379(9832):2162-72. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/index.html
2. Maxwell JR, Yellowhair TR, Oppong AY, Camacho JE, Lowe JR, Jantzie LL et al. Cognitive development in preterm infants: multifaceted deficits reflect vulnerability of rigorous neurodevelopmental pathways. Minerva Pediatr. 2017;69(4):298-313.
3. Carlino FC, Lamônica DAC, Alvarenga K. Avaliação da função receptiva, expressiva e visual em crianças prematuras. Pró-Fono R Atual Cient. 2010;22(1):19-24.
4. Isotani SM, Azevedo MF, Chiari BM, Perissinoto J. Linguagem expressiva de crianças nascidas pré-termo e termo aos dois anos de idade. Pró-Fono R Atual Cient. 2009;21(2):155-60.
5. Jansson-Verkasalo E, Ruusuvirta T, Huotilainen M, Alku P, Kushnerenko E, Suominen K et al. Atypical perceptual narrowing in prematurely born infants is associated with compromised language acquisition at 2 years of age. BMC Neuroscience. 2010;11:88-94.
6. Vieira ME, Linhares MB. Developmental outcomes and quality of life in children born preterm at preschool and school-age. Jornal de Pediatria. 2011;87(4):281-91. doi:10.2223/JPED.2096
7. Ribeiro CD, Pachelli MR, Amaral NC, Lamônica DA. Development skills of children born premature with low and very low birth weight. Codas. 2017;29(1):e20160058.
8. Peña M, Pittaluga, E, Mehler J. Language acquisition in premature and full-term infants. PNAS. 2010;107(8):3823-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914326107
9. Peña M, Werker JF, Dehaene-Lamberts G. Earlier speech exposure does not accelerate speech acquisition. JNeuroci. 2012; 32(33):11159-63. doi:10.1523/JNEUROCI.6516-11.2012.
10. Morse SB, Zheng H, Tang Y, Roth J. Early school-age outcomes of late preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):622-69. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1405
11. Bloch H, Lequien P, Provasi, J. A criança prematura. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget; 2003.
12. Guerra CC, Barros MCM, Goulart AL, Fernandes LV, Kopelman BI, Santos AMN. Premature infants with birth weights of 1500-1999 g exhibit considerable delays in several developmental areas. Acta Paediatrica. 2013;103(1):e1-e6. doi:10.1111/apa.12430.
13. Bühler KEB, Limongi SCO, Diniz EMA. Language and cognition in very low birth weight preterm infants with PELCDO application. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009;67(2-A):242-9.
14. Taylor HG, Klein P, Anselmo MG, Minich N, Espy KA, Hack M. Learning problems in kindergarten students with extremely preterm births. Arch Pediatr Adolesc. Med. 2011;165(9):819-25. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.137.
15. Myers EH, Hampson M, Vohr B, Lacadie C, Frost SJ, Pugh KR et al. Functional connectivity to a right hemisphere language center in prematurely born adolescents. NeuroImage. 2010;51(4):1445-52. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.049.
16. Luu TM, Vohr BR, Allan W, Schneider KC, Ment LR. Evidence for catch-up in cognition and receptive vocabulary among adolescents born very preterm. Pediatrics. 2011;128(2):313-22. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2655.
17. Ribeiro LA, Zachrisson HD, Schjolberg S, Aase H, Rohrer-Baumgartner N, Magnus P. Attention problems and language development in preterm low-birth-weight children: Cross-lagged relations from 18 to 36 months. BMC Pediatrics. 2011;11(59):1471-2431.
18. Lowe J, Erikson SJ, MacLean P, Schrader R, Fuller J. Association of maternal scaffolding to maternal education and cognition in toddlers born preterm and full term. Acta Paediatrica. 2013;102(1):72-7. doi:10.1111/apa.12037.
19. Silvestrin S, Silva CH, Hirakata VN, Goldani AAS, Silveira PP, Goldani MZ. Maternal education level and low birth: a meta-analysis. Jornal de Pediatria. 2013;89(4):339-45.
20. Bornstein MH, Painter KM, Park J. Naturalistic language sampling in typically developing sampling. J Child Lang. 2002;29(3):687-99. doi: 10.1017/S030500090200524X.
21. Bornstein MH, Hahn C, Haynes OM. Specific and general language performance across early childhood: stability and gender considerations. First Language. 2004;24(3):267-304. doi: 10.1177/0142723704045681.
22. Kent AL, Wright IMR, Abdel-Latif ME. Mortality and adverse neurologic outcomes are greater on preterm male infants. Pediatrics. 2013;129(1):124-31. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1578.
23. Casby MW. An examination of the relationship of sample size and mean length of utterance for children with development language impairment. Child Lang Teach Ther. 2011;27(3):286-93. doi:10.1177/0265659010394386.
24. DeThorne LS, Channel RW. Clinician-child interactions: adjustments in linguistic complexity. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2007;16(2):119-27. doi:1058-0360/07/1602-0119.
25. Barnes, L. Relational variables for predicting child language development from language transcripts. IJBSS. 2010;1(2):8-14.
26. Rice ML, Smolik F, Perpich D, Thompson T, Rytting N, Blossom M. Mean Length of Utterance levels in 6-month Intervals for children 3 to 9 years with and without language impairments. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010;53(2):333-49. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0183).
27. Deepak DR, Karanth P, Deepak DT. Mean Length of Utterance and syntax in Konkani. Language in India. 2009;9(4):1-13.
28. DeThorne L, Johnson BW, Loeb JW. A closer look to MLU: what does it really measure? Clin Linguist Phon. 2005;19(8):635-42. doi:10.1080/02699200410001716165.
29. Johnson S, Fawke J, Hennessy E, Rowell V, Thomas S, Wolke D et al. Neurodevelopmental disability through 11 years of age in children born before 26 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):e249-e255. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3743.
30. Moore T, Hennessy EM, Myles J, Johnson SJ, Draper ES, Costeloe KL et al. Neurological and developmental outcome in extremely preterm children born in England in 1995 and 2006: the EPICure studies. The BMJ. 2012;345:e7961. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7961.
31. Moster D, Lie RT, Markestad T. Long-term medical and social consequences of preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(3):262-73.
32. Santos ME, Lynce S, Carvalho S, Cacela M, Mineiro A. Mean Length of Utterance-words in children with typical language development aged 4 to 5 years. Rev. CEFAC. 2015;17(4):1143-51.
Submitted date:
03/31/2017
Accepted date:
10/18/2017
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
Email