Evolution of swallowing in post-acute stroke: a descriptive study
Evolução da deglutição no pós-AVC agudo: estudo descritivo
Aline Mansueto Mourão; Erica Oliveira Almeida; Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos; Laélia Cristina Caseiro Vicente; Antonio Lúcio Teixeira
Abstract
Purpose: to analyze the evolution of post-stroke swallowing impairment.
Methods: this is a descriptive exploratory study involving a non-probabilistic sample that evaluated 100 stroke patients admitted at the Hospital Público Regional de Betim. Patients were subjected to a speech pathologist structured evaluation two times: in the first 48 hours after stroke and at hospital discharge. The Gugging Swallowing Screen, a standardized and validated bed-side tool for evaluating swallowing in stroke patients, was used.
Results: in the initial evaluation, the frequency of dysphagia was 52%, and 28% of patients were classified as severe dysphagia with a high risk of aspiration. The mean time between the initial evaluation and hospital discharge was 22.1 days. At the hospital discharge, only 2.1% of patients still had severe dysphagia. It was observed change in the patient swallowing profile according to the severity of dysphagia.
Conclusion: the frequency of post-stroke dysphagia is high, but there are progressive changes in the swallowing profile of stroke patients during their hospital stay.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: analisar a evolução da deglutição de pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral.
Métodos: trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo com amostra não probabilística em que foram acompanhados 100 pacientes admitidos com o diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral no Hospital Público Regional de Betim. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica estruturada em dois momentos: nas primeiras 48 horas após acidente vascular cerebral e no momento da alta hospitalar. Utilizou-se a escala Gugging Swallowing Screen que é um instrumento padronizado e validado para ser utilizado na beira do leito.
Resultados: na avaliação fonoaudiológica inicial, a frequência da disfagia foi de 52%, sendo que 28% dos pacientes foram classificados como disfagia grave com alto risco de aspiração. A média de tempo entre a avaliação inicial da deglutição e a do momento da alta hospitalar foi de 22,1 dias. Na alta, apenas 2,1% dos pacientes ainda apresentavam disfagia grave. Observou-se mudança do perfil de deglutição do paciente de acordo com a gravidade da disfagia e da consistência da dieta oral.
Conclusão: a frequência de disfagia após acidente vascular cerebral é alta, mas há progressiva mudança no perfil de deglutição do paciente durante o período de internação.
Palavras-chave
Referencias
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Submitted date:
30/07/2015
Accepted date:
24/11/2015
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