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https://revistacefac.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/1982-0216/202527211624
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Oral motor skills and growth of premature babies in their first two years of life

Habilidades motoras orais e crescimento de bebês prematuros nos dois primeiros anos de vida

Camila Lehnhart Vargas; Pâmela Fantinel Ferreira; Raquel Coube de Carvalho Yamamoto; Franceliane Jobim Benedetti; Larissa Barz de Vargas; Geovana de Paula Bolzan; Márcia Keske-Soares; Angela Regina Maciel Weinmann

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202527211624 Revista CEFAC, vol.27, n2, e11624, 2025
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Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the development of oral motor skills of premature babies in their first 2 years of life and relate them to growth.

Methods: a longitudinal study conducted in a hospital in Southern Brazil with 40 premature babies at birth and 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of corrected age. Anthropometric and oral motor skills were assessed using the Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the distribution of variables. The comparison between study variables was performed using Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at ≤ 0.05.

Results: the mean gestational age at birth was 32.47 weeks. The corrected age at 4 months was 3.37 months, and 82.5% of the sample was already receiving complementary feeding and had oral motor dysfunction, which later evolved to normal. Growth was significantly associated with oral motor function for solid food at 12 months. Children with normal oral motor functions had better Z scores for weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age than those with oral motor dysfunction.

Conclusion: oral motor dysfunction predominated in preterm babies at 4 months of corrected age. However, at 6 months of corrected age, preterm babies already had adequate oral motor function for different food consistencies and maintained favorable evolution in this skill until the end of the second year of corrected age. Babies with adequate oral motor function had better growth indicators at 12 months, justifying early speech-language-hearing intervention in preterm babies’ oral skills.

Keywords

Infant, Premature; Nutritional Status; Infant Nutrition; Feeding Behavior

Resumo

Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras orais de prematuros nos primeiros dois anos de vida e relacionar com o crescimento.

Métodos: um estudo longitudinal, em um hospital do Sul do Brasil, com 40 prematuros ao nascimento, aos quatro, seis, 12, 18 e 24 meses de idade corrigida. Realizaram-se avaliações antropométricas e das habilidades motoras orais, com o protocolo Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment. Para descrever a distribuição das variáveis foram utilizadas média e desvio padrão. A comparação entre as variáveis do estudo foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student. Foi adotado o nível de significância estatística ≤ 0,05.

Resultados: a média de idade gestacional ao nascer foi de 32,47 semanas. Aos quatro meses, a idade corrigida era de 3,37 meses e 82,5% da amostra já recebia alimentação complementar e apresentava disfunção motora oral, que posteriormente foi evoluindo para a normalidade. Aos doze meses, encontrou-se associação significativa entre o crescimento e a função motora oral para a consistência sólida. Crianças com funções motoras orais normais apresentaram melhores escores Z de peso para idade, peso para estatura e índice de massa corporal para a idade, comparados aos que tinham disfunção motora oral.

Conclusão: aos quatro meses de idade corrigida houve predomínio de disfunção motora oral nos prematuros. Aos seis meses de idade corrigida, os prematuros já possuíam a função motora oral adequada para as diferentes consistências alimentares e mantiveram evolução favorável nesta habilidade até o final do segundo ano de idade corrigida. Aos 12 meses os lactentes com função motora oral adequada apresentaram melhores indicadores de crescimento, justificando a intervenção fonoaudiológica precoce nas habilidades orais dos prematuros.

Palavras-chave

Recém-Nascido Prematuro; Estado Nutricional; Nutrição do Lactente; Comportamento Alimentar

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Submetido em:
08/01/2025

Aceito em:
24/04/2025

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