Revista CEFAC
https://revistacefac.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/1982-0216/20242660624
Revista CEFAC
Artigos Originais

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age in full-term newborns during the pandemic and factors associated with early weaning

Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até seis meses de vida em bebês nascidos a termo em período da pandemia e fatores associados ao desmame precoce

Mirelly Sabrina Santos Silva; Sandra Raquel de Melo Gomes; Monalise Costa Batista Berbert; Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan

Downloads: 1
Views: 110

Abstract

Purpose: to investigate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old in full-term newborns at a public hospital and the main factors associated with early weaning, during the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study with 98 mothers of full-term babies, conducted from January to August 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants answered two structured questionnaires. One was applied immediately after childbirth, with questions on identification and socioeconomic data, obstetric-gynecological background, and current pregnancy and childbirth. The second questionnaire, applied 6 months after childbirth, had questions about the child's feeding status. Statistical tests were used to associate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old and other variables, at the 5% significance level.

Results: 16.3% of the babies were exclusively breastfeeding until the sixth month, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the public hospital where the study was carried out. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old was not associated with the study variables.

Conclusion: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month in full-term babies, in a public hospital, during the COVID-19 pandemic, was 16.3%. None of the variables analyzed was associated with early weaning.

Keywords

Breast Feeding; Weaning; Rooming-in Care; Infant, Newborn; Maternal and Child Health

Resumo

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida em bebês nascidos a termo em um hospital público e os principais fatores associados ao desmame precoce em período de pandemia causada pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave.

Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, realizado com 98 mães de bebês a termo, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2021, intervalo marcado pela pandemia da COVID-19. As participantes responderam a dois questionários, um no pós-parto imediato, com questões de identificação e socioeconômicas, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos, gestação e parto atual; e, o segundo, seis meses após o parto, continha questões sobre a situação alimentar da criança. Para verificar a associação entre a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida e as demais variáveis foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado de comparações múltiplas e Teste T, com nível de significância de 5%.

Resultados: 16,3% dos lactentes encontravam-se em aleitamento materno exclusivo no sexto mês, no período da pandemia da COVID-19, no hospital público onde o estudo foi realizado. Não houve associação entre o aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida e as variáveis pesquisadas.

Conclusão: a prevalência de amamentação exclusiva no sexto mês em bebês nascidos a termo em um hospital público, durante a pandemia da COVID-19, foi de 16,3% e nenhuma das variáveis analisadas apresentou associação com o desmame precoce.

Palavras-chave

Aleitamento Materno; Desmame; Alojamento Conjunto; Recém-Nascido; Saúde Materno-Infantil

Referências

1. Hossain S, Mihrshahi S. Exclusive breastfeeding and childhood morbidity: A narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(22):14804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214804 PMID: 36429518.

2. Prentice AM. Breastfeeding in the modern world. Ann Nutr Metab. 2022;78(Suppl 2):29-38. https://doi.org/10.1159/000524354 PMID: 35679837.

3. Cassimiro IGV, Souza PG, Rodrigues MC, Carneiro GKM. The importance of natural breastfeeding for the stomatognathic system. Rev UNINGÁ. 2019;56(S5):54-66. https://doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.56.eUJ2678

4. Abate A, Cavagnetto D, Fama A, Maspero C, Farronato G. Relationship between breastfeeding and malocclusion: A systematic review of the literature. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123688 PMID: 33265907.

5. Ondrušová S. Breastfeeding and bonding: A surprising role of breastfeeding difficulties. Breastfeed Med. 2023;18(7):514-21. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2023.0021 PMID: 37219989.

6. Qiu R, Zhong Y, Hu M, Wu B. Breastfeeding and reduced risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022;2022:8500910. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8500910 PMID: 35126640.

7. Tanha K, Mottaghi A, Nojomi M, Moradi M, Rajabzadeh R, Lotfi S et al. Investigation on factors associated with ovarian cancer: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses. J Ovarian Res. 2021;14(1):153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-021-00911-z PMID: 34758846.

8. Mohapatra I, Samantaray SR. Breastfeeding and environmental consciousness: A narrative review of environmental implications and potential contributions to reduce waste and energy consumption. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45878. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45878 PMID: 37885540.

9. Venancio SI. Panorama do aleitamento materno no mundo e no Brasil. In: Venancio SI, Toma TS, editors. Promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno: evidências científicas e experiências de implementação. São Paulo: Instituto de Saúde, 2019. p. 55-74.

10. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7 PMID: 26869575.

11. Oliveira MGOA, Lira PIC, Batista Filho M, Lima MC. Factors associated with breastfeeding in two municipalities with low human development index in Northeast Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013;16(1):178-89. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2013000100017 PMID: 23681334.

12. Wu Q, Tang N, Wacharasin C. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months postpartum: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2022;33(4):290-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12360 PMID: 35088945.

13. Tacla MT, Rossetto EG, Perdigão GM, Zani EM, Silva IV. Reflexões sobre o aleitamento materno em tempos de pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Soc Bras Enferm Ped. 2020;20(Especial COVID-19):60-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31508/1676-3793202000000127

14. Brown A, Shenker N. Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support. Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(1):e13088. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13088 PMID: 32969184.

15. Leiva AS, Reyes DP. Role of the speech therapist in the treatment of dysphagia in users with clinical discharge for COVID-19: A literature review. Int J Med Surg Sci. 2020;7(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.v7i3.547

16. Banho CA, Sacchetto L, Campos GRF, Bittar C, Possebon FS, Ullmann LS et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma lineage introduction and COVID-19 vaccination on the epidemiological landscape of a Brazilian city. Commun Med. 2022; 2:41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-022-00108-5 PMID: 35603276.

17. Venancio SI, Escuder MM, Saldiva SR, Giugliani ER. Breastfeeding practice in the Brazilian capital cities and the Federal District: Current status and advances. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(4):317-24. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2016 PMID: 20711546.

18. Barbosa KIP, Conceição SIO. Maternal sociodemographic factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Rev Cuid. 2020;11(1):e811. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.811

19. Aguiar BPD. Repercussões da pandemia no vínculo mãe-filho e no aleitamento materno durante o primeiro semestre de vida [Dissertation]. São Paulo (SP): Universidade de São Paulo; 2023.

20. Madruga TFL, Millions FA, Furlan RMMM, Friche AAL, Motta AR. Characterization of the breastfeeding guidelines received by pregnant and postpartum women in the city of Belo Horizonte. Distúrb. Comunic. 2020;32(4):615-25. https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2020v32i4p615-625

21. Silva IPP, Lopes IM D. Breastfeeding in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic at a baby friendly hospital in Northeast Brazil. Res, Soc Dev. 2022;11(16);e50111637976. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37976

22. Oliveira M, Camacho LA, Tedstone AE. Extending breastfeeding duration through primary care: A systematic review of prenatal and postnatal interventions. J Hum Lact. 2001;17(4):326-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/089033440101700407 PMID: 11847902.

23. Rosa JBS, Delgado SE. Postpartum women's knowledge about breastfeeding and introduction of other foods. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2017;30(4):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2017.6199

24. Cunha AMS, Martins VE, Lourdes ML, Paschoini MC, Parreira BDM, Ruiz MT. Prevalence of nipple traumas and related factors among post-partum women assisted in a teaching hospital. Esc Anna Nery. 2019;23(4):e20190024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465- ean-2019-0024

25. Penha JS, Rabêlo PPC, Soares LBDC, Simas WLA, Oliveira BLCAD, Pinheiro FS. Breast pain in breastfeeding mothers: Prevalence and associated factors. Rev Cuid. 2021;12(2):e1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1325

26. McClellan HL, Hepworth AR, Garbin CP, Rowan MK, Deacon J, Hartmann PE et al. Nipple pain during breastfeeding with or without visible trauma. J Hum Lact. 2012;28(4):511-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334412444464 PMID: 22689707.

27. Barbieri MC, Bercini LO, Brondani KJM, Ferrari RAP, Tacla MTGM, Sant'anna FL. Breastfeeding: Guidance received in prenatal care, delivery and postpartum care. Semina Ciênc Biol Saúde. 2015;36(1):17-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2014v35n2p17

28. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica [Webpage on the internet]. 2015. Saúde da criança: nutrição infantil: aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar. Caderno de Atenção Básica, 23. Available at: https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/saude_crianca_aleitamento_materno_cab23.pdf Accessed May 22, 2024.

29. Balogun OO, O'Sullivan EJ, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner CD et al. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;11(CD001688). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001688.pub3 PMID: 27827515.

30. Medeiros AMC, Bernardi AT. Feeding preterm infants: Breast, cup and bottle. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2011;16(1):73-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000100014

31. Boccolini CS, Carvalho ML, Oliveira MIC. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life in Brazil: A systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2015;49:91. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005971 PMID: 26759970.

32. Holanda ER, Silva IL. Factors associated with early weaning and spatial pattern of breastfeeding in territory in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2022;22(4):813-22. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-930202200040005

33. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [webpage on the internet]. Aleitamento materno: Prevalência e práticas de aleitamento materno em crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos 4: ENANI 2019. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: UFRJ, 2021. 108 p. Available at: https://enani.nutricao.ufrj.br/index.php/relatorios/. Accessed on: May 22, 2024.

34. Alex A, Bhandary E, McGuire KP. Anatomy and physiology of the breast during pregnancy and lactation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1252:3-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41596-9_1 PMID: 32816256.

35. Morrison AH, Gentry R, Anderson J. Mothers' reasons for early breastfeeding cessation. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2019;44(6):325-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000566 PMID: 31633522.

36. Silva CF, Bezerra ICDS, Soares AR, Leal ASLG, Faustino WDM, Reichert APDS. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding and health promotion: Perceptions of breastfeeding women. Ciên Saúde Col. 2023;28(8):2183-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023288.05882023
 


Submetido em:
18/01/2024

Aceito em:
09/07/2024

66ce10eba9539523ca362af3 cefac Articles

Revista CEFAC

Share this page
Page Sections