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Health determinants associated with exclusive breastfeeding: a scoping review

Determinantes em saúde associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo: uma revisão de escopo

Ananda Larisse Bezerra da Silva; Cecilia Rafaela Salles Ferreira; Priscilla Guerra dos Santos; Elizabete Regina Araújo Oliveira; Maria Helena Monteiro de Barros Miotto

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20232556822 Revista CEFAC, vol.25, n5, e6822, 2023
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Abstract

Purpose: to map health determinants associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods: a scoping review conducted according to the JBI methodology and recommendations in PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were collected in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE databases and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations for the grey literature. The results were synthesized and organized into three theoretical models: distal, intermediate, and proximal.

Literature Review: altogether, 3,998 titles were found, of which 145 were included in the review, after all selection stages. They had various methodological designs and were published between 2002 and 2022. The following health determinants associated with exclusive breastfeeding were mapped: maternal educational attainment, family income, attendance to and frequency of prenatal care, breastfeeding guidance and practices, time until first breastfeeding, newborn’s sex, maternal employment and maternity leave, pacifier use, and exclusive breastfeeding guidance at health services.

Conclusion: determinants that can facilitate or hinder exclusive breastfeeding are extrinsic and intrinsic to the mother and infant. Public policies are needed to protect every person’s right to breastfeeding.

Keywords

Breast Feeding; Maternal and Child Health; Social Determinants of Health

Resumo

Objetivo: mapear os determinantes em saúde associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada seguindo a metodologia do JBI, concomitantemente com as recomendações do checklist PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Cinahl, Scopus e Embase e, para identificação da literatura cinzenta, utilizou-se a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. A síntese dos resultados foi organizada em três modelos teóricos: distal, intermediário e proximal. 

Revisão da Literatura: foram encontrados 3.998 títulos e, após todas as etapas de seleção, foram incluídos 145 estudos, de diferentes desenhos metodológicos, publicados entre os anos de 2002 e 2022. Foram mapeados como determinantes em saúde associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo: escolaridade materna, renda familiar, realização e número de consultas no pré-natal, orientação e práticas do aleitamento materno, tempo até a primeira mamada, sexo do recém-nascido, trabalho materno e licença-maternidade, uso de chupeta e orientações sobre aleitamento materno exclusivo nos serviços de saúde. 

Conclusão: os determinantes que podem facilitar ou dificultar o aleitamento materno exclusivo são extrínsecos e intrínsecos ao binômio mãe e bebê, e fazem-se necessárias políticas públicas que protejam o direito de amamentação de qualquer ser humano.

Palavras-chave

 Aleitamento Materno; Saúde Materno-infantil; Determinantes Sociais da Saúde

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Submetido em:
30/09/2022

Aceito em:
31/07/2023

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