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Linguistic profile of children with language and speech disorders and family participation in the therapeutic process: an integrative literature review

Perfil linguístico de crianças com transtornos de linguagem  e fala e participação da família no processo terapêutico:  revisão integrativa de literatura

Tatiana Bagetti; Viviane Santos do Nascimento; Gisele Gouvea da Silva; Renato Sampaio Lima

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20232532623 Revista CEFAC, vol.25, n3, e2623, 2023
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Abstract

Purpose: to investigate the linguistic profile (linguistic symptoms and risk factors) of children with communication, language, and speech disorders and verify their family’s participation in the therapeutic process.

Methods: an integrative literature review including studies on linguistic symptoms of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and phonological disorders (PD), published in Portuguese in the last 10 years (2012 to 2022) in the PubMed, SciELO, and VHL databases.

Literature Review: 24 studies were included, according to the eligibility criteria, the children having different linguistic symptoms. In PD, there were more phonological processes, slower speech, and difficulties in auditory perception and morphosyntactic and semantic development. In DLD, there were changes in nominal morphology, morphosyntactic comprehension, greater use of intransitive verbs, omission of verb objects, and difficulties in solving conflicts. In ASD, there were difficulties in social interaction, imitation, prosodic changes, and decreased responsiveness. The main risk factor was prematurity, and the family was considered crucial as a support network in the therapeutic process. The family’s attitudes were facilitators or barriers to the patients’ improvement, depending on how they responded to the therapists’ instructions.

Conclusion: the linguistic profile depends on the various language/speech disorders. Each child’s singularities must be considered, and the family’s participation is crucial to the therapeutic process.

Keywords

Child Language; Signs and Symptoms; Speech Therapy; Family

Resumo

Objetivo: investigar o perfil linguístico (sintomas linguísticos e fatores de risco) de crianças com transtornos de comunicação, linguagem e fala e verificar a participação da família no processo terapêutico.

Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram incluídos estudos sobre sintomas linguísticos de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem (TDL), TEA (Transtorno do Espectro Autista) e Transtornos Fonológicos (TF), publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2012 a 2022) em língua portuguesa nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo e BVS.

Revisão da Literatura: aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos 24 estudos. As crianças apresentaram diferentes sintomas linguísticos. No TF verificaram-se quantidade maior de processos fonológicos, menor velocidade de fala, dificuldades na percepção auditiva e no desenvolvimento morfossintático e semântico. No TDL verificaram-se alterações na morfologia nominal, na compreensão morfossintática, maior utilização de verbos intransitivos, omissões de complementos verbais e dificuldade em resolução de conflitos. No TEA observaram-se dificuldades na interação social, imitação, alterações prosódicas e diminuição na responsividade. O principal fator de risco foi a prematuridade e a família foi considerada crucial como rede de apoio no processo terapêutico. As atitudes da família foram facilitadoras ou barreiras para a melhora do paciente, dependendo da forma como as famílias correspondiam às orientações terapêuticas.

Conclusão: o perfil linguístico depende dos diferentes transtornos de linguagem/fala, as singularidades de cada criança devem ser consideradas e a participação da família é crucial no processo terapêutico.

Palavras-chave

Linguagem Infantil; Sinais e Sintomas; Fonoterapia; Família

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Submetido em:
05/04/2023

Aceito em:
07/08/2023

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