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https://revistacefac.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/1982-0216/20222443022
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Nocebo effect in health communication: how to minimize it?

Efeito nocebo na comunicação em saúde: como minimizá-lo?

Bruna Alves Rodrigues; Luciana Micaelly Costa Pessoa Silva; Hiênio Ítalo da Silva Lucena; Edna Pereira Gomes de Morais; Ana Carolina Rocha; Giorvan Anderson dos Santos Alves; Silvia Damasceno Benevides

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Abstract

Purpose: to describe the strategies used to minimize the nocebo effect in health communication.

Methods: an integrative review of the literature. The keywords “nocebo effect” and “health communication” and their combinations were used in English, Portuguese, and Spanish to search publications from 2011 to 2021 in MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science/ISI. The following research question was used: “Which strategies have been used to minimize the nocebo effect in health communication?”.

Literature Review: altogether, 77 articles were found, although only six met the inclusion criteria and comprised the review sample. Their year of publication ranged from 2015 to 2021. Positive framing, assertive communication, and contextual factors were the strategies used to minimize the nocebo effect.

Conclusion
: the strategies used to minimize the nocebo effect were contextual factors, motivational talk, positive framing, assertive communication, and empathetic communication. These communication techniques are seemingly effective, though still little known by health professionals. This knowledge is important as it helps develop communicative skills aiming at humanized patient care.

Keywords

Nocebo Effect, Health Communication, Health Strategies

Resumo

Objetivo: descrever as estratégias para minimizar o efeito nocebo na comunicação em saúde.

Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os descritores utilizados foram: “Efeito nocebo” e “comunicação em saúde”, em inglês, português e espanhol e suas combinações, no período de 2011 a 2021, nas bases de dados da Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Embase e Web of Science/ISI. A pergunta de investigação para esse estudo foi: Quais as estratégias utilizadas para minimizar o efeito nocebo na comunicação em saúde?

Revisão da Literatura: foram encontrados 77 artigos. Apenas seis preencheram os critérios de inclusão e compuseram a amostra da revisão. Os anos de publicação dos artigos variaram entre 2015 e 2021. As estratégias definidas para minimizar o efeito nocebo foram: enquadramento positivo, comunicação assertiva e utilização de fatores contextuais.

Conclusão: as estratégias encontradas para minimizar o efeito nocebo foram fatores contextuais, conversa motivacional, enquadramento positivo, comunicação assertiva e comunicação empática. Essas técnicas de comunicação parecem ser efetivas, mas ainda são pouco conhecidas pelos profissionais em saúde. Esse conhecimento se faz importante, pois auxilia no desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas que visam à humanização do cuidado ao paciente.

Palavras-chave

Efeito Nocebo; Comunicação em Saúde; Estratégias de Saúde

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Submetido em:
08/06/2022

Aceito em:
05/09/2022

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