Acoustic characteristics of voice in different cycles of life: an integrative literature review
Características acústicas da voz nos diferentes ciclos da vida: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Evelyn Alves Spazzapan; Viviane Cristina de Castro Marino; Vanessa Moraes Cardoso; Larissa Cristina Berti; Eliana Maria Gradim Fabbron
Abstract
Purpose: to carry out an integrative literature review about the acoustic characteristics of healthy voice production, from childhood to old age.
Methods: a bibliographic survey was conducted on the databases PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS, covering the last 10 years. Nineteen studies were found, meeting the proposed criteria, on acoustic measurements: F0 (fundamental frequency), jitter, shimmer and/or noise measurements, in males and females, with normal voices in their different stages of life.
Results: the analysis showed that F0 is the most changing acoustic parameter as people grow up and grow old. Its values present gradual fall from childhood to old age in the female population, whereas among men such decrease lasts until adulthood. Jitter, shimmer and noise remain stable throughout childhood and adulthood, while shimmer and noise measurements increase in old age. In the literature, there is no consensus regarding increase of jitter measurements in the elderly.
Conclusion: from childhood to old age, in both genders, vocal changes take place which are reflected, especially by F0. There is a scarcity of information on acoustics related to specific populations with ample age range, using the same methodology. The information in this study may guide future investigations aiming to understand natural changes occurring in the human voice, in addition to guiding in the clinical practice.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca das características acústicas da produção vocal saudável, da infância até o envelhecimento.
Métodos: foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE e LILACS, dos últimos 10 anos. Foram encontrados 19 estudos atendendo aos critérios propostos, sobre as medidas acústicas: F0 (frequência fundamental), jitter, shimmer e/ou medidas de ruído, em homens e mulheres, com vozes normais, nos diferentes ciclos da vida.
Resultados: a análise mostrou que a F0 é o parâmetro acústico que mais sofre alterações no crescimento e envelhecimento. Seus valores apresentam queda gradual da infância até o envelhecimento na população feminina, enquanto que nos homens tal diminuição ocorre até a fase adulta. O jitter, shimmer e o ruído mantêm-se estáveis na infância e fase adulta, enquanto as medidas de shimmer e de ruído sofrem aumento no envelhecimento. Não há consenso na literatura quanto ao aumento da medida do jitter em idosos.
Conclusão: da infância ao envelhecimento, em ambos os sexos, ocorrem alterações vocais que são refletidas, principalmente, pela F0. Existe uma escassez de informações sobre as medidas acústicas que englobem populações específicas com ampla faixa etária, com a utilização de uma mesma metodologia. As informações do presente estudo podem nortear futuras investigações que visem compreender as alterações naturais ocorridas na voz humana, além de auxiliar na prática clínica.
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References
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Submitted date:
10/01/2018
Accepted date:
09/23/2019
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