Voz metálica: estudo das características fisiológicas
Metallic voice: physiological features
Eliana Midori Hanayama, Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji, Sílvia Maria Rebelo Pinho
Resumo
Objetivo: estudar a voz metálica, considerando do ponto de vista fisiológico, os ajustes que ocorrem na velofaringe, faringe e laringe visando fornecer dados adicionais para sua descrição e compreensão.
Métodos: 21 cantores profissionais foram avaliados com exame nasofaringolaringofibroscópico, emitindo a vogal [e] no modo oral e no modo metal. As imagens das seqüências da velofaringe, faringe e laringe foram avaliadas.
Resultados: observou-se, por meio de registro de imagens endoscópicas, relevante incidência de ajustes do trato vocal tais como: abaixamento velar, medialização de paredes faríngeas, elevação laríngea, constrição ariepiglótica e constrição lateral na caracterização fisiológica da voz metálica.
Conclusões: ajustes de velofaringe, faringe e laringe combinam-se na caracterização da voz metálica.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Purpose: to study metallic voice by using physiological analysis of adjustments that occur in velopharynx, pharynx and larynx in order to understand its production.
Methods: fiberscopic video pharyngolaryngoscopy was performed on 21 professional singers while speaking vowel /e/ in normal and metallic modes to observe muscular movements and structural changes of the velopharynx, pharynx and larynx.
Results: by means of endoscopic analysis, vocal tract adjustments like velar lowering, pharyngeal wall narrowing, laryngeal raising, aryepiglottic and lateral laryngeal constriction were frequently found in the metallic voice.
Conclusion: adjustments of velopharynx, pharynx, and larynx are combined in characterizing the metallic voice.
Keywords
References
1. Laver J. Labels for voices. J Intern Phonetic Assoc. 1974; 4:62-75.
2. Colton RH, Estill JA. Elements of voice quality: perceptual, acoustic and physiologic aspects. Speech and language: advances in basic research and practice. New York: Academic Press; 1981. p. 311-403.
3. Van den Berg JW, Vennard W. Toward an objective vocabulary. NATS Bull. 1959; 115:10-5.
4. Wapnick J, Ekholm E. Expert consensus in solo voice performance evaluation. J Voice. 1997; 11(4):429-36.
5. Ekholm E, Papagiannis GC, Chagnon FP. Relating objective measurements to expert evaluation of voice quality in Western classical singing: critical perceptual parameters. J Voice. 1998; 12(2):182-96.
6. Fant G. Acoustic theory of speech production with calculations based on x-ray studies of Russian articulations. The Hague: Mouton; 1970.
7. Kaplan HM. Anatomy and physiology of speech. New York: McGraw-Hill; [1971].
8. Pinho SMR. Avaliação e Tratamento da Voz. In: Pinho SMR. Fundamentos em fonoaudiologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1998, p. 3-37.
9. Pinho SMR. Tópicos em voz. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; c2001.
10. Van Dusen CR. A laboratory study of the metallic voice. J Speech Dis 1941; 6:137-40.
11. Van den Berg J. On the role of the laryngeal ventricle in voice production. Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1955; 7(2):57-69.
12. Boone DR, McFarlane SC. The voice and voice therapy. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1988.
13. Pinho SMR. Fonoterapia nos distúrbios vocais. In: Campos CAH, Costa HOO editores. Tratado de otorrinolaringologia. São Paulo: Roca; 2002. p. 596-605.
14. Wilson DK. Children's voice problems. In: Voice Problems of Children. 3rd ed. Maryland: Williams & Wilkins; 1987. p. 2-15.
15. Laver J. The phonetic description of voice quality. Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press; 1980.
16. Greene MCL. The voice and its disorders. Philadelphia: Pitman Medical; 1972.
17. Fry DB. The physics of speech. Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press; 1979.
18. Isshiki N. Tireoplastias. São Paulo: Fundação Otorrinolaringologia; 1999.
19. Camargo Z, Madatureira S, Tsuji DH. Analysis of dysphonic voices based on the interpretation of acoustic, physiological and perceptual data. In: 6th International Seminar on Speech Production. Proceedings. Sydney; 2003.
20. Nepomuceno LA. Elementos de acústica física e psicoacústica. São Paulo: Edgard Blucher; 1994.
21. Isshiki N. Remarks on mechanism for vocal intensity variation. J Speech Hear Res. 1970; 13:669-72.
22. Tanimoto K, Henningsson G, Isberg A, Ren YF. Comparison of tongue position during speech before and after pharyngeal flap surgery in hypernasal speakers. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1994; 31(4):280-6.
23. Croft CB, Shprintzen RJ, Rakoff SJ. Patterns of velopharyngeal valving in normal and cleft palate subjects: a multi-view videofluoroscopic and nasendoscopic study. Laryngoscope. 1981; 91(2):265-71.
24. Siegel-Sadewitz VL, Shprintzen RJ. Nasopharyngoscopy of the normal velopharyngeal sphincter: an experiment of biofeedback. Cleft Palate J. 1982; 19(3):194-200.
25. Hanayama EM, Kawano M, Isshiki N. Avaliação e tratamento da incompetência velofaríngea: tendências atuais no Japão. Pró-Fono. 1989; 1(1):25-30.
26. Dmitriev L, Kiselev A. Relationship between the formant structure of different types of singing voices and the dimensions of supraglottic cavities. Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1979; 31(4):238-41.
27. Yanagisawa E, Estill J, Kmucha ST, Leder SB. The contribution of aryepiglotic constriction to "Ringing" voice quality: a videolaryngoscopic study with acoustic analysis. J Voice. 1989; 3(4):342-50.
28. Lovetri J, Lesh S, Woo P. Preliminary study on the ability of trained singers to control the intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal musculature. J Voice. 1999; 13(2):219-26.
29. Sonninen A, Hurme P, Laukkanen AM. The external frame function in the control of pitch, register, and singing mode: radiographic observations of a female singer. J Voice. 1999; 13(3):319-40.
30. Laver J. The concept of articulatory settings: an historical survey. Historiographia Linguistica 1978; 5:1-14.
31. Laver J. The description of voice quality in general phonetic theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University. Department of Linguistic; 1979. p. 30-52. [Work in Progress 12].
32. Laver J, Wirs S, Mackenzie J, Hiller SM. A perceptual protocol for the analysis of vocal profiles. Edinburgh; Edinburg University. Department of Linguistics; 1981. p. 139-55. [Work in Progress, 14].
33. Folkins JW, Bleile KM. Taxonomies in biology, phonetics, phonology, and speech motor control. J Speech Hear Disord. 1990; 55(4):596-611. Review.
34. Pinho SMR, Camargo ZA. Introdução à análise acústica da voz e da fala. In: Pinho SMR. Tópicos em voz. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; c2001. p. 19-44.
35. Oliveira VL, Pinho SMR. A qualidade da voz e o trato vocal nos indivíduos de face curta e face longa. In: Pinho SMR. Tópicos em voz. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; c2001. p. 81-8.
36. Murry T, Xu JJ, Woodson GE. Glottal configuration associated with fundamental frequency and vocal register. J Voice. 1998; 12(1):44-9.
37. Bell-Berti F, Baer T, Harris KS, Niimi S. Coarticulatory effects of vowel quality on velar function. Phonetica. 1979;36:187-93.
38. Pinho SMR, Tsuji DH. Avaliação funcional da laringe em cantores. Acta AWHO. 1996; 15(2):87-93.
39. Chen M. Acoustic correlates of nasality. [dissertation]. Boston: Massachussetts Institute of Technology; 1996.
Submitted date:
06/25/2004
Accepted date:
09/20/2004
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
Email